Maxillary sinus floor elevation with autologous platelet derivatives and bone grafting techniques: a narrative review

Abstract

This review explores the utilization of platelet-rich products—platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and concentrated growth factors (CGF)—in maxillary sinus floor elevation (MSFE) as a means of enhancing bone regeneration for dental implant placement. Tooth extraction frequently leads to bone loss, making augmentation essential for the success of implant-supported rehabilitation. MSFE is a common approach to restoring bone volume in the atrophic posterior maxilla. Still, limitations like restricted graft availability and the risks associated with autogenous bone harvesting have spurred interest in alternative solutions. Platelet concentrates derived from the patient’s blood, including PRP, PRF, and CGF, are abundant in growth factors such as VEGF, PDGF, and TGF-β1, which play critical roles in promoting osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and tissue repair. Among these, CGF, recognized as a third-generation platelet concentrate, exhibits superior regenerative capabilities for soft and hard tissues due to its denser fibrin matrix, surpassing PRP and PRF in performance. Combining platelet concentrates with bone graft materials has been shown to enhance regeneration, with studies highlighting the efficacy of PRP alongside xenografts or demineralized bovine bone. Furthermore, surgical techniques like the lateral window approach and adaptations such as Summer's osteotomy contribute significantly to procedural outcomes. Despite promising clinical results, further research is needed to optimize protocols, enhance cost-efficiency, and streamline procedures.