Curcumin's effects on oral health: a narrative review

Abstract

Curcumin, a polyphenol produced from the dried root of the Asian plant Curcuma longa, a member of the Zingiberaceae family, has long been prized for its medicinal qualities. Recent research confirms its strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties. Its capacity to control gut microbiota also helps mitigate the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. This review examines curcumin's potential to support oral health and its function in regulating and preventing disease processes.

Mouthwashes and gels containing curcumin have demonstrated effectiveness similar to 0.20% chlorhexidine in reducing gingivitis and bacterial plaque but with fewer adverse effects. Its hydrophobic properties increase cell membrane permeability, and when mixed with lipophilic compounds, such as piperine or olive oil, it becomes more bioavailable and facilitates absorption. Furthermore, curcumin is a good option for long-term use in oral care due to its natural nature and low toxicity. Its capacity to lessen microbial activity and inflammation in mucosal lesions and periodontal disease has also been investigated. Curcumin provides a novel, safer, and more efficient method of treating oral diseases and preserving oral hygiene.