A descriptive review of managing Anterior Open Bite across the deciduous, mixed, and permanent dentition stages

Abstract

Anterior open bite is a malocclusion with a vertical gap between the upper and lower incisors when the posterior teeth are in occlusion. This condition can affect children and adults and has a multifactorial etiology, including functional habits, environmental factors, and genetic predisposition. Common causes include thumb sucking, mouth breathing, and skeletal growth discrepancies. Diagnosis involves clinical examination, radiographic imaging, and three-dimensional imaging to assess the severity and causes of the condition.

Anterior open bites are classified into dentoalveolar open bites, related to dental and functional issues, and skeletal open bites, caused by skeletal discrepancies. The severity, ranging from mild to extreme, influences treatment. Mild cases are treated with orthodontic appliances, while more severe cases may require a combination of orthodontics and surgery.

Early intervention, including habit modification, appliances, and orofacial myofunctional therapy, is crucial to preventing progression in children. Treatment may involve more complex orthodontic approaches or orthognathic surgery for severe skeletal open bites in adults. A comprehensive diagnosis and tailored treatment are essential for optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes.